contract for sale of land 土地买卖合同 指为转让不动产权益而订立的合同。对土地买卖合同的调整既有制定法的内容，也有惯例的成分。该合同应当采用书面形式并由当事人签字。卖方应当保证自己享有相应的土地权益，对土地上存在的租赁、抵押、地役权等负担应予以披露并承担提供必要书面文件的费用，在这个意义上，土地买卖合同有时也被称为最大诚信合同〔contract uberrimae fidei〕。自订立合同之日起，土地权益在衡平法上即归于买方并由其承担风险。
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sale of land 土地买卖 主要由普通法调整。指以对价物获得土地所有权的转移。英格兰和苏格兰的土地法不同导致了两个地区土地买卖的程序相差甚远。在英格兰，土地买卖的主要过程是：就土地买卖达成初步协议；签订正式合同并交付定金〔deposit〕；卖方将产权说明书〔abstract of title〕交给买方；买方就特定事项进行进一步的查询；由买方拟定好土地转让证书〔conveyance〕，并交由卖方签名生效；转交全部有关的产权契据，并由买方支付价金。在土地转让时，卖方经常要签订所有权专约〔covenants for title〕，承担向买方转让无瑕疵和无负担〔clear of defects and encumbrances〕的土地产权的义务。有关的制定法还规定了合同的必备条款。经注册登记的土地必须在履行了使转让契约生效的手续，并由买方作为土地所有人进行了登记之后，才发生转移的效力。在苏格兰，土地买卖的主要阶段是：通常是通过交换被称为「不动产转让函」〔missives〕的信件进行合同的签订；将土地产权证书交给买方的律师并由其予以检验；由买方草拟让与证书并交由卖方签名生效；向买方移交让与证书和产权证书；由买方支付购买土地的价金。土地转让证书必须在土地登记总簿中进行登记。
sale of land. A transfer of title to real estate from one person to another by a contract of sale. • A transfer of real estate is often referred to as a conveyance rather than a sale. [Cases: Vendor and Purchaser 1, 3. C.J.S. Vendor and Purchaser §§ 2–3, 5.]
land sale contract 土地买卖合同 通过此合同的执行，土地产权将发生转移。出卖人〔vendor〕往往等到买受人〔vendee〕分期付款的最后一期付款到来时才交出产权证书，亦即将产权契据〔deed〕作为获取合同价格的保证。 (→contract for deed; instal(l)ment land contract；contract for sale of land)
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Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act 〈美〉《州际土地出售信息充分披露法》 一项联邦法律，其目的是为未开发土地的购买人及承租人提供充分的信息。
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Hist. A federal officer appointed for each federal land district to take charge of the local records and to administer the sale, preemption, or other disposition of public lands within the district. [Cases: Public Lands 95. C.J.S. Public Lands § 167.]
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bargain and sale. 1. A negotiated transaction, usu. for goods, services, or real property. 2. Hist. A written agreement for the sale of land whereby the buyer would give valuable consideration (recited in the agreement) without having to enter the land and perform livery of seisin, so that the parties equitably “raised a use” in
General Land Office. A former U.S. Interior Department division that exercised executive power relating to the public lands, including their survey, patenting, and sale or other disposition. • The General Land Office and the U.S. Grazing Service were consolidated into the Bureau of Land Management in 1946. See BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT. [Cases: Public Lands
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land contract 土地买卖合同；土地分期付款买卖合同 当事人之间就土地买卖所缔结的合同。通常是指分期付款的买卖合同，买受人在付清最后一笔价款时，从出卖人处受领契据，而在此之前出卖人一直保有该土地的法定所有权，以作为价款清偿的担保。亦作「land sale contract」、「contract for deed」或「installment land contract」。
Hist. English law. A statutorily established tribunal to dispose of encumbered real estate more promptly and easily than could be accomplished through the ordinary judicial machinery. • This type of court was first established in Ireland by acts of 11 & 12 Vict., ch. 48 and 12 & 13 Vict., ch. 77. The purpose of
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